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Hume, David --- Causation --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- ヒューム

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Le mot « cause » est fréquemment employé dans des publications scientifiques, parfois sans conscience claire de ce qu’il implique. Ce terme a une histoire philosophique au cours de laquelle sa signification et son usage dans les sciences ont été tantôt défendus, tantôt critiqués. D’une part la recherche de causes naturelles est bien constitutive du projet scientifique, d’autre part le terme de cause peut facilement véhiculer des conceptions naïves de la relation entre causes et effets, dont les conséquences peuvent être de retarder ou de mal orienter la recherche de facteurs de causalité. Les sciences biologiques et médicales sont riches d’exemples de ce type. Plusieurs questions peuvent être posées. Quelle est l’utilisation présente de la causalité dans les sciences biologiques et médicales ? Quelles sont les difficultés particulières liées à l’établissement des relations de causalité ? Comment ces difficultés peuvent-elles être surmontées ? L’identification de conditions causales permet-elle de prédire la succession de phénomènes physiologiques ? Est-il souhaitable de conserver le langage causaliste pour décrire des situations où règne le multifactoriel ? Comment mieux décrire ces situations par d’autres langages, et est-ce toujours possible ? Les textes réunis dans cet ouvrage sont pour la plupart issus du colloque « Faut-il connaître les causes pour comprendre et intervenir ? Questions sur la causalité dans les sciences biologiques et médicales », organisé le 31 mai 2016 par l’Académie des sciences, sur l’initiative de sa section de biologie humaine et sciences médicales.

Causation. --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology

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The belief is widely held that the physical world is causally-driven. The world is one because a tangled web of causally-driven processes keeps it together. However, both the psychological and the social worlds cannot be articulated in causal terms only. Hereby, "motivation" is used as the most general term referring to whatever keeps (synchronically) together and provides (diachronic) reasons explaining the behavior of psychological and social systems. In order to systematically address these problems, a categorical framework is needed for understanding the various types of realities population

Causation. --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology

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"This book critically examines the recent discussions of powers and powers-based accounts of causation. The author then develops an original view of powers-based causation that aims to be compatible with the theories and findings of natural science. Recently, there has been a dramatic revival of realist approaches to properties and causation, which focus on the relevance of Aristotelian metaphysics and the notion of powers for a scientifically informed view of causation. In this book, R.D. Ingthorsson argues that one central feature of powers-based accounts of causation is arguably incompatible with what is today recognized as fact in the sciences, notably that all interactions are thoroughly reciprocal. Ingthorsson's powerful particulars view of powers-based causation accommodates for the reciprocity of interactions. It also draws out the consequences of that view for issue of causal necessity and offers a way to understand the constitution and persistence of compound objects as causal phenomena. Furthermore, Ingthorsson argues that compound entities, so understood, are just as much processes as they are substances. A Powerful Particulars View of Causation will be of great interest to scholars and advanced students working in metaphysics, philosophy of science, and neo-Aristotelian philosophy, while also being accessible for a general audience"--

Causation. --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology

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Causation. --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology